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A Companion to Schopenhauer (Blackwell Companions to Philosophy) 🔍
Schopenhauer, Arthur; Vandenabeele, Bart Wiley-Blackwell [Imprint] John Wiley & Sons, Limited, Blackwell companions to philosophy 49, 2011;2016
英语 [en] · PDF · 2.6MB · 1969 · 📘 非小说类图书 · 🚀/duxiu/lgli/lgrs/nexusstc/upload/zlib · Save
描述
__A Companion to Schopenhauer__ provides a comprehensive guide to all the important facets of Schopenhauer’s philosophy. The volume contains 26 newly commissioned essays by prominent Schopenhauer scholars working in the field today. * A thoroughly comprehensive guide to the life, work, and thought of Arthur Schopenhauer
* Demonstrates the range of Schopenhauer’s work and illuminates the debates it has generated
* 26 newly commissioned essays by some of the most prominent Schopenhauer scholars working today reflect the very latest trends in Schopenhauer scholarship
* Covers the full range of historical and philosophical perspectives on Schopenhauer’s work
* Discusses his seminal contributions to our understanding of knowledge, perception, morality, science, logic and mathematics, Platonic Ideas, the unconscious, aesthetic experience, art, colours, sexuality, will, compassion, pessimism, tragedy, pleasure, and happiness
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lgli/Z:\Bibliotik_\A Library\Companion to Schopenhauer, A - Bart Vandenabeele.pdf
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lgrsnf/Z:\Bibliotik_\A Library\Companion to Schopenhauer, A - Bart Vandenabeele.pdf
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nexusstc/A companion to Schopenhauer/f0d8bd002d4c5c9367b5bae90302307f.pdf
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zlib/Society, Politics & Philosophy/Anthropology/Schopenhauer, Arthur; Vandenabeele, Bart/A companion to Schopenhauer_10944568.pdf
备选标题
The world as will and representation: cby Arthur Schopenhauer; translated from the German by E.F.J. Payne
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The world as will and representation volume I
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The World As Will and Representation, Vol. 1
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<The> world as will and representation
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Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung
备选作者
Translated from the German by E. F. J. Payne
备选作者
Schopenhauer, Arthur; Payne, E. F. J.
备选作者
Arthur Schopenhauer; E.F.J. Payne
备选作者
edited by Bart Vandenabeele
备用出版商
Wiley-Blackwell (an imprint of John Wiley & Sons Ltd)
备用出版商
Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John
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Dover Publications, Incorporated
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John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated
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American Geophysical Union
备用出版商
Athenaeum of Philadelphia
备用出版商
Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Falcon's Wing Press
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Wiley Blackwell
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Peter Smith
备用版本
Blackwell companions to philosophy -- 49, Malden, MA, Massachusetts, 2012
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Blackwell companions to philosophy, 1. publ, Malden, Mass, 2012
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Blackwell companions to philosophy, Chichester, England, 2012
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Blackwell companions to philosophy, Malden (Mass.), 2016
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INscribe Digital, Indian Hills [Col.], New York, 1958
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Blackwell companions to philosophy, Hoboken, 2011
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Dover books of general interest, New York, 1966
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John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Malden, Mass, 2012
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United Kingdom and Ireland, United Kingdom
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Republ. with minor corr, New York, 1969
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United States, United States of America
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[Indian Hills, Col.], Colorado, 1966
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New York, New York State, 1969
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New York, New York State, 1966
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New York, ©1966-1969
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58441st, PS, 2000
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Chichester, 2015
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58441st, 1966
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1, PT, 2012
备用版本
1, 2015
元数据中的注释
lg2856367
元数据中的注释
{"edition":"1","isbns":["0486217612","1119144809","1405171030","9780486217611","9781119144809","9781405171038"],"last_page":414,"publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","series":"Blackwell companions to philosophy 49"}
元数据中的注释
Translation of Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung.
元数据中的注释
"A republication, with minor corrections, of the work originally published ... in 1958."
Translation of Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung.
元数据中的注释
Translation of: Die Welt als Willie und Vorstellung.
元数据中的注释
Includes bibliographical references and index.
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subject: Philosophy; Will; Idea (Philosophy); Knowledge, Theory of
元数据中的注释
contributor: Internet Archive
元数据中的注释
format: Image/Djvu(.djvu)
元数据中的注释
rights: The access limited around the compus-network users
元数据中的注释
unit_name: Internet Archive
元数据中的注释
topic: Philosophy; Will; Idea (Philosophy); Knowledge, Theory of
元数据中的注释
Type: 英文图书
元数据中的注释
Bookmarks:
1. (p1) First Book: The World as Representation. First Aspect
2. (p2) Second Book: The World as Will. First Aspect
3. (p3) Third Book: The World as Representation. Second Aspect
4. (p4) Fourth Book: The World as Will: Second Aspect
5. (p5) Appendix: Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy
元数据中的注释
theme: Philosophy; Will; Idea (Philosophy); Knowledge, Theory of
备用描述
Blackwell Companions to Philosophy......Page 10
Title page......Page 14
Copyright page......Page 15
Dedication......Page 17
Notes on Contributors......Page 18
Acknowledgments......Page 22
A Note on Cross-References......Page 23
List of Abbreviations......Page 24
Introduction......Page 25
1. The Principle of Sufficient Reason and Knowledge......Page 34
2. Some Epistemological Distinctions......Page 35
3. Non-Conceptual Knowledge of Objects......Page 36
4. Non-Conceptual Knowledge of Causal Relations......Page 38
5. Causal Regularity and Its Cognitive Status......Page 39
6. Induction and Scientific Method......Page 40
7. Empirical Knowledge and Its Experiential Basis......Page 42
8. Two Related Issues......Page 43
9. Scientific and Philosophical Knowledge......Page 45
10. Concluding Remarks......Page 46
1. Schopenhauer on Perception and Understanding......Page 49
2. Reid on Perception and Understanding......Page 58
3. Kant on Understanding and Perception......Page 61
1. Logical and Mathematical Background......Page 68
2. Intuitive versus Abstract Knowledge......Page 69
3. Logical Intuition and Abstract Reasoning......Page 71
4. Intuitive and Abstract Knowledge of Mathematics......Page 74
5. Principium Individuationis, Physics and Idealist Metaphysics of Space and Time......Page 75
6. Schopenhauer’s Philosophical Geometry......Page 77
7. Intuitive Reduction of Arithmetic to Counting in Time......Page 79
4 Schopenhauer’s Color Theory......Page 86
1......Page 97
2......Page 98
3......Page 99
4......Page 106
5......Page 110
1......Page 114
2......Page 116
3......Page 117
4......Page 120
5......Page 123
6......Page 125
1. The Miracle “Par Excellence”......Page 131
2. The Nature of the Noumenon......Page 133
3. The Principle of Perceptual Verifiability......Page 135
4. The Platonic Forms......Page 137
5. Mysticism......Page 138
6. Asceticism......Page 143
2......Page 147
3......Page 149
4......Page 151
5......Page 154
6......Page 156
7......Page 157
1. The Nature of Schopenhauer’s Platonic Ideas and Their Relation to Individuals......Page 161
2. The Exclusion of Mathematical Ideas......Page 164
3. The Exclusion of Value Ideas......Page 165
4. Schopenhauer’s Justification of His Restriction of Ideas to Ideas in Nature......Page 167
5. Schopenhauer’s Theory of Art Considered in Itself......Page 169
6. Irresoluble Conflicts between Plato and Schopenhauer......Page 171
10 Schopenhauer’s On the Will in Nature......Page 176
1. Non-Scientific Confirmations of Schopenhauer’s Metaphysics in “The Wisdom Deposited in Language,” Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism, Animal Magnetism and Magic......Page 177
2. Scientific Confirmations of Schopenhauer’s Metaphysics in Plant and Animal Physiology, Comparative Anatomy and Physical Astronomy......Page 181
3. The Independence of Will from Intellect......Page 183
4. The Will as Kant’s “Thing-in-Itself”......Page 184
5. Schopenhauer’s Paradoxical References to the Brain......Page 186
6. Some Nietzsche-Related Parerga in On the Will in Nature......Page 189
11 Schopenhauer’s Philosophy of Music......Page 192
1. The Will and Modernity......Page 206
2. Schopenhauer’s Architectonic Idealism......Page 208
3. An Argument against Hegel......Page 210
4. In Defense of Classicism......Page 213
5. Structure, Function and Form......Page 215
6. Architecture and Contemplation......Page 218
1. The Pure Subject of Cognition......Page 222
2. The Artist as Pure Subject of Cognition......Page 230
14 Schopenhauer on Tragedy and the Sublime......Page 237
15 Schopenhauer and the Objectivity of Art......Page 251
1. Will-Lessness, Science and Art......Page 252
2. Art, Objectivity and Death......Page 253
3. Objective Knowledge of (Platonic) Ideas......Page 257
4. Tragic Art, Concerned Individuals and the Objective Stance......Page 259
5. The Objectivity of Art and the Abolition of the Self......Page 263
16 Schopenhauer on the Metaphysics of Art and Morality......Page 267
1. Background: Schopenhauer’s Methodological Presuppositions......Page 268
2. Empirical Consciousness......Page 269
3. Aesthetic Consciousness......Page 271
4. Moral Consciousness and the Path to Salvation......Page 273
5. Concluding Remarks......Page 276
1. Compassion in Schopenhauer’s Oeuvre......Page 279
2. Schopenhauer’s Method of Ethics and Rejection of Moral Skepticism......Page 281
3. The Moral Point of View......Page 284
4. The Nature of Compassion......Page 288
5. Metaphysical Explanations of Compassion......Page 291
18 Schopenhauer and Indian Philosophy......Page 296
1. Schopenhauer’s Invocation of Indian Philosophies......Page 297
2. Schopenhauer on His Affinities with Indian Philosophy......Page 298
3. Assessing the Perceived Affinities......Page 301
4. Reasons for Focusing on Schopenhauer’s Relationship to Indian Philosophy......Page 304
1. Saying No......Page 311
2. Will-to-Life: Affirmation and Denial......Page 314
3. A Summary of Schopenhauer’s Argument for the Denial of the Will......Page 318
4. Nietzsche’s Projects......Page 319
5. The Schopenhauerian Basis to Nietzsche’s Pessimism......Page 320
6. Diagnosing Nihilism......Page 321
7. Diagnosing Asceticism......Page 322
8. The Appeal of Nietzsche’s Values......Page 324
1. Schopenhauer on the Inevitability of Suffering......Page 332
2. Criticisms of Schopenhauer’s Thesis that to Desire Is to Suffer......Page 334
3. The Unattainability of True Satisfaction......Page 336
4. The Inevitability of Boredom......Page 338
5. The Negative Nature of Pleasure and Satisfaction......Page 340
6. Happiness and Well-Being......Page 341
7. Degrees of Unhappiness: The Possibility of Amelioration......Page 342
9. The Inevitability of Unhappiness......Page 344
21 Schopenhauer and Freud......Page 347
1. Case Study I: Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious (1905)......Page 351
2. Case Study II: Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920)......Page 353
3. Case Study III: The Future of an Illusion (1927)......Page 357
4. Conclusion......Page 361
22 Schopenhauer’s Impact on European Literature......Page 364
23 Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Wagner......Page 381
1. The Elusiveness of Fulfillment and Complete Resignation......Page 382
2. Nietzsche’s “New Happiness”......Page 389
I......Page 400
II......Page 401
III......Page 408
IV......Page 411
V......Page 413
25 Schopenhauer’s Fairy Tale about Fichte......Page 419
1. Resented Relations......Page 420
2. Back to Fichte......Page 422
3. Schopenhauer Hears and Reads Fichte......Page 423
4. A Fairy Tale......Page 426
5. A Fairy Tale in a Leaden Age......Page 428
6. From the Freedom of the Will to the Freedom of Non-Willing......Page 430
Index......Page 439
备用描述
Blackwell Companions to Philosophy 10
Title page 14
Copyright page 15
Dedication 17
Notes on Contributors 18
Acknowledgments 22
A Note on Cross-References 23
List of Abbreviations 24
Introduction 25
Part I: Nature, Knowledge and Perception 34
1 Schopenhauer on Scientific Knowledge 34
1. The Principle of Sufficient Reason and Knowledge 34
2. Some Epistemological Distinctions 35
3. Non-Conceptual Knowledge of Objects 36
4. Non-Conceptual Knowledge of Causal Relations 38
5. Causal Regularity and Its Cognitive Status 39
6. Induction and Scientific Method 40
7. Empirical Knowledge and Its Experiential Basis 42
8. Two Related Issues 43
9. Scientific and Philosophical Knowledge 45
10. Concluding Remarks 46
2 Perception and Understanding 49
1. Schopenhauer on Perception and Understanding 49
2. Reid on Perception and Understanding 58
3. Kant on Understanding and Perception 61
3 Schopenhauer’s Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics 68
1. Logical and Mathematical Background 68
2. Intuitive versus Abstract Knowledge 69
3. Logical Intuition and Abstract Reasoning 71
4. Intuitive and Abstract Knowledge of Mathematics 74
5. Principium Individuationis, Physics and Idealist Metaphysics of Space and Time 75
6. Schopenhauer’s Philosophical Geometry 77
7. Intuitive Reduction of Arithmetic to Counting in Time 79
4 Schopenhauer’s Color Theory 86
5 Schopenhauer and Transcendental Idealism 97
1 97
2 98
3 99
4 106
5 110
Part II: World, Will and Life 114
6 Schopenhauer’s Philosophy of the Dark Origin 114
1 114
2 116
3 117
4 120
5 123
6 125
7 The Consistency of Schopenhauer’s Metaphysics 131
1. The Miracle “Par Excellence” 131
2. The Nature of the Noumenon 133
3. The Principle of Perceptual Verifiability 135
4. The Platonic Forms 137
5. Mysticism 138
6. Asceticism 143
8 Schopenhauer on Sex, Love and Emotions 147
1 147
2 147
3 149
4 151
5 154
6 156
7 157
9 Schopenhauer and Platonic Ideas 161
1. The Nature of Schopenhauer’s Platonic Ideas and Their Relation to Individuals 161
2. The Exclusion of Mathematical Ideas 164
3. The Exclusion of Value Ideas 165
4. Schopenhauer’s Justification of His Restriction of Ideas to Ideas in Nature 167
5. Schopenhauer’s Theory of Art Considered in Itself 169
6. Irresoluble Conflicts between Plato and Schopenhauer 171
10 Schopenhauer’s On the Will in Nature 176
1. Non-Scientific Confirmations of Schopenhauer’s Metaphysics in “The Wisdom Deposited in Language,” Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism, Animal Magnetism and Magic 177
2. Scientific Confirmations of Schopenhauer’s Metaphysics in Plant and Animal Physiology, Comparative Anatomy and Physical Astronomy 181
3. The Independence of Will from Intellect 183
4. The Will as Kant’s “Thing-in-Itself” 184
5. Schopenhauer’s Paradoxical References to the Brain 186
6. Some Nietzsche-Related Parerga in On the Will in Nature 189
Part III: Art, Beauty and the Sublime 192
11 Schopenhauer’s Philosophy of Music 192
12 Schopenhauer’s Theory of Architecture 206
1. The Will and Modernity 206
2. Schopenhauer’s Architectonic Idealism 208
3. An Argument against Hegel 210
4. In Defense of Classicism 213
5. Structure, Function and Form 215
6. Architecture and Contemplation 218
13 The Artist as Subject of Pure Cognition 222
1. The Pure Subject of Cognition 222
2. The Artist as Pure Subject of Cognition 230
14 Schopenhauer on Tragedy and the Sublime 237
15 Schopenhauer and the Objectivity of Art 251
1. Will-Lessness, Science and Art 252
2. Art, Objectivity and Death 253
3. Objective Knowledge of (Platonic) Ideas 257
4. Tragic Art, Concerned Individuals and the Objective Stance 259
5. The Objectivity of Art and the Abolition of the Self 263
Part IV: Compassion, Resignation and Sainthood 267
16 Schopenhauer on the Metaphysics of Art and Morality 267
1. Background: Schopenhauer’s Methodological Presuppositions 268
2. Empirical Consciousness 269
3. Aesthetic Consciousness 271
4. Moral Consciousness and the Path to Salvation 273
5. Concluding Remarks 276
17 Schopenhauer on the Value of Compassion 279
1. Compassion in Schopenhauer’s Oeuvre 279
2. Schopenhauer’s Method of Ethics and Rejection of Moral Skepticism 281
3. The Moral Point of View 284
4. The Nature of Compassion 288
5. Metaphysical Explanations of Compassion 291
18 Schopenhauer and Indian Philosophy 296
1. Schopenhauer’s Invocation of Indian Philosophies 297
2. Schopenhauer on His Affinities with Indian Philosophy 298
3. Assessing the Perceived Affinities 301
4. Reasons for Focusing on Schopenhauer’s Relationship to Indian Philosophy 304
19 Life-Denial versus Life-Affirmation 311
1. Saying No 311
2. Will-to-Life: Affirmation and Denial 314
3. A Summary of Schopenhauer’s Argument for the Denial of the Will 318
4. Nietzsche’s Projects 319
5. The Schopenhauerian Basis to Nietzsche’s Pessimism 320
6. Diagnosing Nihilism 321
7. Diagnosing Asceticism 322
8. The Appeal of Nietzsche’s Values 324
20 Schopenhauer on the Inevitability of Unhappiness 332
1. Schopenhauer on the Inevitability of Suffering 332
2. Criticisms of Schopenhauer’s Thesis that to Desire Is to Suffer 334
3. The Unattainability of True Satisfaction 336
4. The Inevitability of Boredom 338
5. The Negative Nature of Pleasure and Satisfaction 340
6. Happiness and Well-Being 341
7. Degrees of Unhappiness: The Possibility of Amelioration 342
8. The Paradox of the Suspension or Negation of the Will 344
9. The Inevitability of Unhappiness 344
Part V: Schopenhauer’s Context and Legacy 347
21 Schopenhauer and Freud 347
1. Case Study I: Jokes and Their Relation to the Unconscious (1905) 351
2. Case Study II: Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920) 353
3. Case Study III: The Future of an Illusion (1927) 357
4. Conclusion 361
22 Schopenhauer’s Impact on European Literature 364
23 Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Wagner 381
1. The Elusiveness of Fulfillment and Complete Resignation 382
2. Nietzsche’s “New Happiness” 389
24 Schopenhauer’s Influence on Wittgenstein 400
I 400
II 401
III 408
IV 411
V 413
25 Schopenhauer’s Fairy Tale about Fichte 419
1. Resented Relations 420
2. Back to Fichte 422
3. Schopenhauer Hears and Reads Fichte 423
4. A Fairy Tale 426
5. A Fairy Tale in a Leaden Age 428
6. From the Freedom of the Will to the Freedom of Non-Willing 430
Index 439
备用描述
A Companion To Schopenhauer Provides A Comprehensive Guide To All The Important Facets Of Schopenhauer & Rsquo;s Philosophy. The Volume Contains 26 Newly Commissioned Essays By Prominent Schopenhauer Scholars Working In The Field Today. A Thoroughly Comprehensive Guide To The Life, Work, And Thought Of Arthur Schopenhauer - Demonstrates The Range Of Schopenhauer's Work And Illuminates The Debates It Has Generated - 26 Newly Commissioned Essays By Some Of The Most Prominent Schopenhauer Scholars Working Today Reflect The Very Latest Trends In Schopenhauer Scholarship - Covers The Full Range Of Historical And Philosophical Perspectives On Schopenhauer's Work - Discusses His Seminal Contributions To Our Understanding Of Knowledge, Perception, Morality, Science, Logic And Mathematics, Platonic Ideas, The Unconscious, Aesthetic Experience, Art, Colours, Sexuality, Will, Compassion, Pessimism, Tragedy, Pleasure, And Happiness. Introduction: Arthur Schopenhauer: The Man And His Work / Bart Vandenabeele -- Schopenhauer On Scientific Knowledge / Vojislav Bozickovic -- Perception And Understanding: Schopenhauer, Reid And Kant / Paul Guyer -- Schopenhauer's Philosophy Of Logic And Mathematics / Dale Jacquette -- Schopenhauer's Color Theory / Paul F.h. Lauxtermann -- Schopenhauer And Transcendental Idealism / Douglas Mcdermid -- Schopenhauer's Philosophy Of The Dark Origin / William Desmond -- The Consistency Of Schopenhauer's Metaphysics / G. Steven Neeley -- Schopenhauer On Sex, Love And Emotions / Gudrun Von Tevenar -- Schopenhauer And Platonic Ideas / Frank C. White -- Schopenhauer's On The Will In Nature: The Reciprocal Containment Of Idealism And Realism / Robert Wicks -- Schopenhauer's Philosophy Of Music / Robert W. Hall -- Schopenhauer's Theory Of Architecture / W. Julian Korab-karpowicz -- The Artist As Subject Of Pure Cognition / Matthias Kossler -- Schopenhauer On Tragedy And The Sublime / Alex Neill -- Schopenhauer And The Objectivity Of Art / Bart Vandenabeele -- Schopenhauer On The Value Of Compassion / David E. Cartwright -- Schopenhauer And Indian Philosophy / David E. Cooper -- Life-denial Versus Life-affirmation: Schopenhauer And Nietzsche On Pessimism And Asceticism / Ken Gemes And Christopher Janaway -- Schopenhauer On The Inevitability Of Unhappiness / Ivan Soll -- Schopenhauer And Freud / Stephan Atzert -- Schopenhauer's Impact On European Literature / Paul Bishop -- Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Wagner / Bernard Reginster -- Schopenhauer's Influence On Wittgenstein / Severin Schroeder -- Schopenhauer's Fairy Tale About Fichte: The Origin Of The World As Will And Representation In German Idealism / Gü̈̈nter Zöller. Edited By Bart Vandenabeele. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.
备用描述
Arthur Schopenhauer's Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung is one of the most important philosophical works of the nineteenth century, the basic statement of one important stream of post-Kantian thought. It is without question Schopenhauer's greatest work. Conceived and published before the philosopher was 30 and expanded 25 years later, it is the summation of a lifetime of thought.
For 70 years, the only unabridged English translation of this work was the Haldane-Kemp collaboration. In 1958, a new translation by E. F. J. Payne appeared that decisively supplanted the older one. Payne's translation is superior because it corrects nearly 1,000 errors and omissions in the Haldane-Kemp translation, and it is based on the definitive 1937 German edition of Schopenhauer's work prepared by Dr. Arthur Hbscher. Payne's edition is the first to translate into English the text's many quotations in half a dozen languages. It is thus the most useful edition for the student or teacher.
备用描述
Arthur Schopenhauer's Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung is one of the most important philosophical works of the nineteenth century, the basic statement of one important stream of post-Kantian thought. It is without question Schopenhauer's greatest work. Conceived and published before the philosopher was 30 and expanded 25 years later, it is the summation of a lifetime of thought.For 70 years, the only unabridged English translation of this work was the Haldane-Kemp collaboration. In 1958, a new translation by E. F. J. Payne appeared that decisively supplanted the older one. Payne's translation is superior because it corrects nearly 1,000 errors and omissions in the Haldane-Kemp translation, and it is based on the definitive 1937 German edition of Schopenhauer's work prepared by Dr. Arthur Hübscher. Payne's edition is the first to translate into English the text's many quotations in half a dozen languages. It is thus the most useful edition for the student or teacher.
备用描述
The reference contains 25 newly commissioned chapters by prominent Schopenhauer scholars working in the field today. These cover Schopenhauer's life and thought, and the crucial areas of his work, including: nature, knowledge and perception; world, will and life; art, beauty and the sublime; compassion, resignation and sainthood; and in-depth discussion of the context and legacy of Schopenhauer's thought. Contributors also provide fresh treatments of his theory of the Platonic Ideas, his philosophy of resignation, his views on love and sexuality, his color theory, his relationship to Indian philosophy and to Freudian psychoanalysis, and his often neglected ideas on perception, mathematics, scientific knowledge and the will in nature
备用描述
The German Philosopher Explains His Thoughts About Intellectual Perception And Abstract Representation And Critically Analyzes Kant's Ideas And Teachings. Bibliogs. Translated From The German By E. F. J. Payne. A Republication, With Minor Corrections, Of The Work Originally Published ... 1958. Translation Of Die Welt Als Wille Und Vorstellung. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.
开源日期
2020-11-29
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